Uribaza uburyo bwo guhitamo inkoni zo gusudira zikwiye gukoreshwa?
Shaka ibisubizo by'ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na electrode y'uduti.
Waba uri umuntu ukora DIY ukoresha ibikoresho byo gusudira inshuro nke mu mwaka cyangwa umuntu ukora umwuga wo gusudira buri munsi, ikintu kimwe kizwi: Gusudira ibikoresho byo gusudira bisaba ubuhanga bwinshi. Bisaba kandi ubumenyi ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo gusudira ibikoresho byo gusudira (byitwa kandi inkoni zo gusudira).
Kubera ko ibintu bitandukanye nko kubika, umurambararo wa electrode n'imiterere ya flux byose bigira uruhare mu guhitamo no gukora neza kw'inkoni z'uduti, kwiha ubumenyi bw'ibanze bishobora kugufasha kugabanya urujijo no gutuma gusudira uduti neza.
1. Ni izihe electrode zikoreshwa cyane mu gushushanya?
Hari ama-electrode amagana, niba atari ibihumbi, ariko akunzwe cyane muri American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Ibisobanuro bya Electrode za Carbon Steel zo Gusuka Ibyuma Birinzwe. Izi zirimo E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 na E7018.
2. Gushyira mu byiciro electrode y'inkoni ya AWS bisobanura iki?
Kugira ngo ifashe mu kumenya electrode z'uduti, AWS ikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro busanzwe. Gushyira mu byiciro bifata imiterere y'imibare n'inyuguti byanditse ku mpande za electrode z'uduti, kandi buri kimwe kigaragaza imiterere yihariye ya electrode.
Ku bijyanye na electrode z'icyuma cyoroshye twavuze haruguru, dore uko sisitemu ya AWS ikora:
● Inyuguti "E" igaragaza electrode.
● Imibare ibiri ya mbere igaragaza imbaraga nkeya zo gukurura za weld, zipimirwa mu mapawundi kuri santimetero kare (psi). Urugero, umubare 70 muri electrode ya E7018 ugaragaza ko electrode izatanga agasaro ko gukurura gafite imbaraga nkeya zo gukurura za psi 70.000.
● Umubare wa gatatu ugaragaza aho electrode ishobora gukoreshwa. Urugero, 1 bivuze ko electrode ishobora gukoreshwa mu myanya yose naho 2 bivuze ko ishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bifunganye n'ibitambaro bitambitse gusa.
● Umubare wa kane ugaragaza ubwoko bw'igitambaro n'ubwoko bw'umuyoboro wo gusudira (AC, DC cyangwa byombi) ushobora gukoreshwa hamwe na electrode.
3. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya electrodes za E6010, E6011, E6012 na E6013 kandi ni ryari zigomba gukoreshwa?
● Elektrode za E6010 zishobora gukoreshwa gusa hamwe n’ingufu zikoresha umuriro utaziguye (DC). Zitanga ubushobozi bwo kwinjira cyane no gucukura ingese, amavuta, irangi n’umwanda. Abasudira imiyoboro benshi b’inararibonye bakoresha izi elektrode zikoresha imyanya yose mu gusudira imizi ku muyoboro. Ariko, elektrode za E6010 zifite umugozi ukomeye cyane, ushobora gutuma bigora abasudira bashya kuzikoresha.
● Elektrode za E6011 zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusudira ahantu hose hakoreshejwe isoko y'amashanyarazi asimburana (AC). Kimwe na E6010 electrode, E6011 electrode zikora umurambararo wimbitse, winjira uca mu byuma byangiritse cyangwa bidasukuye. Abasudira benshi bahitamo E6011 electrode mu mirimo yo kubungabunga no gusana iyo isoko y'amashanyarazi ya DC idafite.
● Elektrode za E6012 zikora neza mu bikorwa bisaba icyuho hagati y’ingingo ebyiri. Abasudira benshi b’inzobere kandi bahitamo E6012 electrode zo gusudira fillets zihuta cyane kandi zifite umuvuduko mwinshi mu mwanya utambitse, ariko izi electrode zikunda gukora imiterere y’ubujyakuzimu buto cyane n’ubucucike bunini bizasaba isuku y’inyongera nyuma yo gusudira.
● Elektrode za E6013 zikora umurambararo woroshye ufite imitobe mike, zitanga uburyo bwo kwinjira buri ku rugero ruciriritse kandi zifite ubushyuhe bworoshye gukurwaho. Izi elektrode zigomba gukoreshwa gusa mu gusudira icyuma gishya gisukuye kandi gishya.
4. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya electrodes za E7014, E7018 na E7024 kandi ni ryari zigomba gukoreshwa?
● Elektrode za E7014 zikora ingingo zingana n’iza E6012 kandi zagenewe gukoreshwa ku byuma bya karuboni n’ibidafite aloyi nyinshi. Elektrode za E7014 zirimo ifu y’icyuma nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byongera igipimo cyo kuyishyiramo. Zishobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri amperage nyinshi kurusha E6012.
● Elektrode za E7018 zirimo umuvuduko mwinshi w’ifu kandi ni imwe muri elektrode zoroshye gukoresha. Izi elektrode zikora umuvuduko woroshye, utuje ufite imitobe mike kandi winjira mu muvuduko uringaniye. Abasudira benshi bakoresha elektrode za E7018 kugira ngo basudire ibyuma binini nk'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi. Elektrode za E7018 nazo zikora imivuduko ikomeye ifite imiterere ikomeye (ndetse no mu gihe cy'ubukonje) kandi zishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bya karuboni, karuboni nyinshi, ifu nke cyangwa ibyuma bikomeye.
● Elektrode za E7024 zirimo ifu nyinshi y'icyuma ifasha kongera igipimo cyo gushyiramo. Abasudira benshi bakoresha Elektrode za E7024 mu gusudira ku buryo bworoshye cyane butambitse cyangwa butambitse. Izi elektrode zikora neza ku cyuma gifite ubugari bwa santimetero 1/4. Zishobora kandi gukoreshwa ku byuma bifite ubugari bwa santimetero zirenga 1/2.
5. Nigute nahitamo electrode y'inkoni?
Ubwa mbere, hitamo electrode y'igiti ijyanye n'imbaraga n'imiterere y'icyuma cy'ibanze. Urugero, mu gihe ukoresha icyuma cyoroheje, muri rusange electrode iyo ari yo yose ya E60 cyangwa E70 izakora.
Hanyuma, huza ubwoko bwa electrode n'aho ikoreshwa mu gusudira hanyuma utekereze ku isoko ry'amashanyarazi rihari. Wibuke ko electrode zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukoreshwa gusa hamwe na DC cyangwa AC, mu gihe izindi electrode zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na DC na AC.
Suzuma imiterere y'ingingo n'uburyo zishyirwamo hanyuma uhitemo electrode izatanga imiterere myiza yo kwinjira (gucukura, hagati cyangwa horoheje). Mu gihe ukorera ku ngingo ifite uburyo bwo kuyishyiramo cyane cyangwa idafunze neza, electrode nka E6010 cyangwa E6011 zitanga uburyo bwo gucukura kugira ngo zibone uburyo bwo kwinjira bihagije. Ku bikoresho bito cyangwa ingingo zifite imizi minini, hitamo electrode ifite uburyo bworoshye cyangwa bworoheje nka E6013.
Kugira ngo wirinde gusenda ku bikoresho binini kandi biremereye cyangwa imiterere igoye y’ingingo, hitamo electrode ifite ubushobozi bworoshye bwo gukora. Tekereza kandi ku miterere y’imikorere igice kizahura na yo n’ibipimo bigomba kuba byujuje. Ese izakoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ahantu hadakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi? Kuri izi porogaramu, electrode ya hydrogen E7018 nke irakora neza.
Tekereza kandi ku buryo umusaruro ukorwa neza. Mu gihe ukorera ahantu hagororotse, electrode zifite ifu nyinshi y'icyuma, nka E7014 cyangwa E7024, zitanga igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gushyiramo.
Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi, buri gihe reba uburyo bwo gusudira n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ubwoko bwa electrode.
6. Ni iyihe nshingano ikoreshwa n'umuvuduko ukikije electrode y'inkoni?
Electrode zose zifata zigizwe n'inkoni izengurutswe n'igitambaro cyitwa flux, gifasha mu mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi. Mu by'ukuri, flux, cyangwa igipfundikizo, kuri electrode ni cyo gitegeka aho electrode ishobora gukoreshwa n'uburyo ikoreshwa.
Iyo umusenyi ukozweho, umusenyi urashya kandi ugatanga urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa bya shimi bigoye. Uko ibintu bishya bishya mu musenyi wo gusudira, birekura umwuka urinda ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe n'imyanda yo mu kirere. Iyo umusenyi wo gusudira ukonje, umusenyi uhinduka umusenyi kugira ngo urinde icyuma cyo gusudira kwangirika no gukumira imyenge mu musenyi wo gusudira.
Flux kandi irimo ibintu bitera iyoni bituma arc ikomera (cyane cyane iyo irimo gusudira hakoreshejwe isoko y'amashanyarazi ya AC), hamwe n'ibyuma bitanga ubushobozi bwo gusudira no gukomera.
Hari electrode zimwe na zimwe zikoresha flux ifite ifu y'icyuma nyinshi kugira ngo zifashe mu kongera igipimo cyo gushyiramo, mu gihe izindi zirimo deoxidizers zongewemo zikora nk'ibikoresho byo gusukura kandi zishobora kwinjira mu bikoresho byangiritse cyangwa byanduye cyangwa mu gipimo cy'uruganda.
7. Ni ryari electrode ifite icyuma gifata amazi menshi (high deposition stick electrode) igomba gukoreshwa?
Ama-electrode yo gushyiramo ibintu byinshi ashobora gufasha kurangiza akazi vuba, ariko aya ma-electrode afite imbogamizi. Ifu y'icyuma yinyongera muri aya ma-electrode ituma ikidendezi cyo gusudira gihinduka amazi menshi, bivuze ko ama-electrode yo gushyiramo ibintu byinshi adashobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bitari mu mwanya wabyo.
Ntibishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi cyangwa bisabwa n'amategeko, nko gukora umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa icyuma gishyushya, aho amasaro yo gusudira ahura n'ingorane nyinshi.
Ama-electrode yo gushyiramo ibintu byinshi ni amahitamo meza cyane mu bikorwa bitari iby'ingenzi, nko gusudira ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi cyangwa ibice bibiri by'icyuma kidakora.
8. Ni ubuhe buryo bukwiye bwo kubika no kongera kumisha electrode z'uduti?
Ahantu hashyushye kandi hafite ubushuhe buke niho hantu heza ho kubika electrodes zifata. Urugero, electrodes nyinshi z'icyuma cyoroshye, hydrogène E7018 nkeya zigomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 250 na 300 Fahrenheit.
Muri rusange, ubushyuhe bwo kuvugurura amashanyarazi kuri electrode buri hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo kubika, ibyo bikaba bifasha gukuraho ubushuhe bwinshi. Kugira ngo twongere dutunganye amashanyarazi make ya hydrogen E7018 twavuze haruguru, ibidukikije byo kuvugurura amashanyarazi biri hagati ya dogere 500 na 800 F mu gihe cy’isaha imwe kugeza kuri ebyiri.
Hari electrode zimwe na zimwe, nka E6011, zigomba kubikwa zumye gusa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, bisobanurwa nk'urugero rw'ubushuhe butarenze 70% ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 40 na 120 F.
Ku bijyanye n'igihe runaka cyo kubika no kuvugurura ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe, reba inama z'uwabikoze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-23-2022