Iyi ngingo ya Wenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd. isobanura icyo ugomba gusuzuma mugihe hagaragajwe ibyuma byuzuza ibyuma byo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Ubushobozi butuma ibyuma bidafite ingese bikurura cyane - ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiterere yubukanishi no kurwanya ruswa na okiside - na byo byongera umurego wo guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza cyo gusudira.Kubintu byose byatanzwe bifatika, icyaricyo cyose muburyo butandukanye bwa electrode irashobora kuba ikwiye, bitewe nibibazo byigiciro, imiterere ya serivise, ibikoresho bya mashini byifuzwa hamwe nibibazo byinshi byo gusudira.
Iyi ngingo itanga ubumenyi bwa tekiniki bukenewe kugirango umusomyi ashimire kubintu bitoroshye hanyuma asubize bimwe mubibazo bikunze kubazwa abatanga ibyuma byuzuza.Ishiraho umurongo ngenderwaho rusange wo guhitamo ibyuma byuzuza ibyuma - hanyuma bigasobanura ibitagenda neza kuri ayo mabwiriza!Ingingo ntabwo ikubiyemo uburyo bwo gusudira, kuko iyo ari ingingo yindi ngingo.
Ibyiciro bine, ibintu byinshi bivanga
Hariho ibyiciro bine byingenzi byibyuma:
austenitike
martensitike
ferritic
Duplex
Amazina yakomotse kumiterere ya kristalline yicyuma isanzwe iboneka mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Iyo ibyuma bike bya karubone bishyushye hejuru ya 912degC, atome yicyuma ihindurwa uhereye kumiterere yitwa ferrite mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza kumiterere ya kristu yitwa austenite.Mugukonja, atome isubira muburyo bwambere, ferrite.Imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, austenite, ntabwo ari magnetique, plastike kandi ifite imbaraga nke kandi ihindagurika kuruta ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya ferrite.
Iyo chromium irenga 16% yongewe mubyuma, ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya kristaline yubatswe, ferrite, irahagarara kandi ibyuma biguma mumiterere ya ferritic mubushyuhe bwose.Kubwibyo, izina ferritic stainless ibyuma bikoreshwa kuriyi base base.Iyo chromium irenga 17% na nikel 7% byongewe mubyuma, imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa kristaline yububiko bwicyuma, austenite, irahagarara kuburyo ikomeza kubushyuhe bwose kuva hasi cyane kugeza hafi gushonga.
Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira umuyonga bakunze kwita ubwoko bwa 'chrome-nikel', naho ibyuma bya martensitike na ferritic bakunze kwita ubwoko bwa 'chrome igororotse'.Bimwe mubintu bivangavanze bikoreshwa mubyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nicyuma gisudira bitwara nka stabilisateur ya austenite nibindi nka ferrite stabilisateur.Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya austenite ni nikel, karubone, manganese na azote.Stabilisateur ya ferrite ni chromium, silicon, molybdenum na niobium.Kuringaniza ibintu bivangavanze bigenzura ubwinshi bwa ferrite mubyuma bisudira.
Amanota ya Austenitike aroroshye kandi ashimishije gusudira kurusha ayo arimo nikel iri munsi ya 5%.Ihuriro risudira ryakozwe mubyuma bya austenitike bidafite ingese birakomeye, bihindagurika kandi birakomeye mumiterere yabyo.Ntibisanzwe bisaba ubushyuhe cyangwa nyuma yo gusudira.Indangamanota ya Austenitike igera kuri 80% yicyuma kidafite ingese, kandi iyi ngingo ibimburira yibanze kuri bo.
Imbonerahamwe 1: Ubwoko bwibyuma bidafite umwanda hamwe na chromium hamwe nibirimo nikel.
tstart {c, 80%}
thead {Ubwoko |% Chromium |% Nickel | Ubwoko}
tdata {Austenitike | 16 - 30% | 8 - 40% | 200, 300}
tdata {Martensitike | 11 - 18% | 0 - 5% | 403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata {Ferritic | 11 - 30% | 0 - 4% | 405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
tdata {Duplex | 18 - 28% | 4 - 8% | 2205}
tend {}
Nigute ushobora guhitamo icyuma cyuzuye kituzuye
Niba ibikoresho fatizo mubisahani byombi ari bimwe, ihame ryambere ryo kuyobora ryahoze, 'Tangira uhuza ibikoresho shingiro.'Ibyo bikora neza mubihe bimwe;kwinjiza Ubwoko 310 cyangwa 316, hitamo Ubwoko bwuzuza.
Kugira ngo uhuze ibikoresho bidasa, kurikiza iri hame rikuyobora: 'hitamo uwuzuza kugirango uhuze ibintu byinshi bivanze cyane.'Kwinjira 304 kugeza 316, hitamo 316 wuzuza.
Kubwamahirwe, 'guhuza amategeko' bifite byinshi bidasanzwe kuburyo ihame ryiza ari, Reba ameza yuzuza ibyuma.Kurugero, Ubwoko 304 nibikoresho bisanzwe bidafite ibyuma, ariko ntamuntu utanga ubwoko bwa 304 electrode.
Nigute weld Ubwoko 304 butagira umwanda udafite Ubwoko bwa 304 electrode
Kugirango usudire Ubwoko 304 butagira umwanda, koresha Ubwoko 308 bwuzuza, nkibintu byongeweho bivanga mubwoko bwa 308 bizarushaho guhuza neza aho wasudira.
Ariko, 308L nayo yuzuye yuzuza.'L' izina nyuma yubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwerekana ibintu bike bya karubone.Ubwoko bwa 3XXL butagira umwanda bufite karubone 0,03% cyangwa munsi yayo, mugihe ubwoko bwa 3XX butagira umwanda bushobora kugira karubone ntarengwa ya 0.08%.
Kuberako Ubwoko bwa L bwuzuza buri mubyiciro bimwe nibicuruzwa bitari L, abahimbyi barashobora, kandi bagomba gutekereza cyane, bakoresheje ubwoko bwa L buzuza kuko ibirimo karubone nkeya bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwimiterere.Mubyukuri, abanditsi bavuga ko uwuzuza Ubwoko L yakoreshwa cyane mugihe abahimbye bavuguruye inzira zabo.
Abahimbyi bakoresha inzira ya GMAW barashobora kandi gushaka gutekereza gukoresha wuzuza Ubwoko 3XXSi, kuko kongeramo silicon biteza imbere.Mubihe aho gusudira bifite ikamba rirerire cyangwa rikaze, cyangwa aho icyuzi cyo gusudira kidahambiriye neza kumano yuzuza cyangwa kuzenguruka, ukoresheje electrode ya Si Type GMAW irashobora koroshya isaro ryogosha kandi bigatera guhuza neza.
Niba imvura ya karbide iteye impungenge, tekereza Ubwoko 347 bwuzuza, burimo niobium nkeya.
Nigute ushobora gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda kugeza ibyuma bya karubone
Ibi bintu bibaho mubisabwa aho igice kimwe cyimiterere gisaba isura yo hanze idashobora kwangirika yifatanije nibintu byubaka ibyuma bya karubone kugirango igiciro gito.Mugihe uhujije ibikoresho shingiro bidafite ibintu bifatika kubintu fatizo hamwe nibintu bivangavanze, koresha icyuzuzo kirenze urugero kugirango uhindurwe mubyuma bisudira cyangwa bisobekeranye cyane kuruta ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Kugirango uhuze ibyuma bya karubone kugirango wandike Ubwoko 304 cyangwa 316, kimwe no guhuza ibyuma bidasa neza, tekereza kuri electrode yo mu bwoko bwa 309L.Niba ibyifuzo bya Cr birenzeho, tekereza Ubwoko 312.
Nkibisobanuro, ibyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga byerekana umuvuduko wo kwaguka urenze 50 ku ijana ugereranije n’ibyuma bya karubone.Iyo uhujwe, ibipimo bitandukanye byo kwaguka birashobora gutera gucika bitewe nihungabana ryimbere keretse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa electrode nuburyo bwo gusudira.
Koresha uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura isuku
Kimwe nibindi byuma, banza ukureho amavuta, amavuta, ibimenyetso hamwe numwanda hamwe na solorine idafite chlorine.Nyuma yibyo, itegeko ryibanze ryo gutegura weld idafite isuku ni 'Irinde kwanduza ibyuma bya karubone kugirango wirinde kwangirika.'Ibigo bimwe bikoresha inyubako zitandukanye kububiko bw '' iduka ridafite umwanda 'n' 'iduka rya karubone' kugirango birinde kwanduzanya.
Kugena uruziga rwo gusya hamwe na brux idafite ingese nka 'stainless gusa' mugihe utegura impande zo gusudira.Uburyo bumwe busaba koza santimetero ebyiri inyuma yingingo.Gutegura hamwe nabyo birakomeye, kuko kwishyura ibitagenda neza hamwe na electrode ikoreshwa biragoye kuruta ibyuma bya karubone.
Koresha uburyo bwiza bwo gukora isuku nyuma yo gusudira kugirango wirinde ingese
Gutangira, ibuka icyakora ibyuma bidafite ingese: reaction ya chromium hamwe na ogisijeni kugirango ikore urwego rukingira oxyde ya chromium hejuru yibikoresho.Ingese zidafite umwanda kubera imvura ya karbide (reba hano hepfo) kandi kubera ko uburyo bwo gusudira bushyushya icyuma gisudira kugeza aho okiside ferritike ishobora gushingira hejuru ya weld.Iyo usigaye muburyo bwo gusudira, urusaku rwumvikana neza rushobora kwerekana 'wagon tracks of rust' kumupaka wa zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe mugihe kitarenze amasaha 24.
Kugirango urwego rushya rwa oxyde ya chromium ishobore kuvugurura neza, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bisaba koza nyuma yo gusudira ukoresheje poli, gutoragura, gusya cyangwa gukaraba.Na none, koresha urusyo na brushes byeguriwe umurimo.
Ni ukubera iki ibyuma bidasudira ibyuma byo gusudira?
Byuzuye austenitis ibyuma bidafite ibyuma ntabwo ari magnetique.Nyamara, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira butera ingano nini cyane muri microstructure, bigatuma gusudira byangirika.Kugirango ugabanye ibyiyumvo bishyushye, abakora electrode bongeramo ibintu bivangavanze, harimo na ferrite.Icyiciro cya ferrite gitera ibinyampeke bya austenitike kuba byiza cyane, bityo gusudira bigahinduka cyane.
Imashini ntishobora kwizirika ku kintu cyuzuza austenitis, ariko umuntu ufite magneti ashobora kumva akurura gato kubera ferrite yagumanye.Kubwamahirwe make, ibi bituma bamwe mubakoresha batekereza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byanditswe nabi cyangwa bagakoresha ibyuma byuzuza nabi (cyane cyane iyo bashishimuye ikirango mugiseke cyinsinga).
Umubare nyawo wa ferrite muri electrode biterwa nubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya porogaramu.Kurugero, ferrite nyinshi itera gusudira gutakaza ubukana bwubushyuhe buke.Rero, Andika 308 wuzuza porogaramu ya LNG ifite numero ya ferrite hagati ya 3 na 6, ugereranije numero ya ferrite ya 8 kubwoko busanzwe bwa 308.Muri make, kuzuza ibyuma bishobora gusa nkaho ubanza, ariko itandukaniro rito mubigize ni ngombwa.
Hariho uburyo bworoshye bwo gusudira duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese?
Mubisanzwe, duplex ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bifite microstructure igizwe na 50% ferrite na 50% austenite.Mumagambo yoroshye, ferrite itanga imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kurwanya ihungabana ryangirika mugihe austenite itanga ubukana bwiza.Ibyiciro byombi muguhuza bitanga duplex ibyuma biranga ibintu byiza.Ubwoko bunini bwa duplex butagira ibyuma burahari, hamwe nibisanzwe ni Ubwoko 2205;ibi birimo chromium 22%, nikel 5%, molybdenum 3% na azote 0,15%.
Iyo gusudira duplex idafite ibyuma, ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mugihe icyuma gisudira gifite ferrite nyinshi (ubushyuhe buturuka kuri arc butera atome kwitegura muri matrise ya ferrite).Kugirango wishyure, ibyuma byuzuza bigomba guteza imbere imiterere ya austenitis hamwe nibintu byinshi bivanze, mubisanzwe nikel 2 kugeza 4% kuruta nikel.Kurugero, insinga zifite amabara yo gusudira Ubwoko 2205 zishobora kugira nikel 8,85%.
Ibyifuzo bya ferrite birashobora kuva kuri 25 kugeza 55% nyuma yo gusudira (ariko birashobora kuba hejuru).Menya ko igipimo cyo gukonjesha kigomba gutinda bihagije kugirango yemere austenite kuvugurura, ariko ntibitinde cyane kugirango habeho ibyiciro hagati, cyangwa byihuse cyane kugirango habeho ferrite irenze muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe.Kurikiza inzira zasabwe nuwabikoze kubikorwa byo gusudira hamwe nicyuma cyatoranijwe.
Guhindura ibipimo mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Kubahimbyi bahora bahindura ibipimo (voltage, amperage, uburebure bwa arc, inductance, ubugari bwa pulse, nibindi) mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nyirabayazana nyirizina ntabwo aribyuma byuzuza ibyuma.Bitewe n'akamaro k'ibintu bivangavanze, itandukaniro-ryinshi-ryinshi mubigize imiti bishobora kugira ingaruka zigaragara kumikorere yo gusudira, nko gutose nabi cyangwa kurekura bigoye.Guhindagurika muri diameter ya electrode, isuku yubuso, cast na helix nabyo bigira ingaruka kumikorere muri GMAW na FCAW.
Kugenzura imvura igwa ya karbide mubyuma bya austenitis
Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 426-871degC, karubone irenze 0,02% yimukira kumupaka wingano yimiterere ya austenitis, aho ifata hamwe na chromium ikora karbide ya chromium.Niba chromium ihujwe na karubone, ntabwo iboneka kugirango irwanye ruswa.Iyo ihuye nibidukikije byangirika, kwangirika kwimiterere hagati yabyo, bituma imbibi zingano ziribwa.
Kugira ngo ugabanye imvura ya karbide, komeza ibintu bya karubone hasi bishoboka (0,04% ntarengwa) usudira hamwe na electrode nkeya.Carbone irashobora kandi guhambirwa na niobium (yahoze yitwa columbium) na titanium, bifite isano ikomeye ya karubone kuruta chromium.Andika 347 electrode ikorwa kubwiyi ntego.
Nigute wategura ikiganiro kijyanye no gutoranya ibyuma
Nibura, kusanya amakuru kumikoreshereze yanyuma yo gusudira, harimo ibidukikije bya serivisi (cyane cyane ubushyuhe bwimikorere, guhura nibintu byangirika hamwe nurwego ruteganijwe kurwanya ruswa) hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi wifuza.Ibisobanuro kumikoreshereze yubukanishi bukenewe mubikorwa bikora bifasha cyane, harimo imbaraga, ubukana, guhindagurika numunaniro.
Benshi mubakora inganda za electrode zitanga ibitabo byifashishwa mu gutoranya ibyuma byuzuza, kandi abanditsi ntibashobora gushimangira cyane iyi ngingo: baza inama zuzuza ibyuma byifashishwa cyangwa ubaze inzobere mu bya tekinike.Barahari kugirango bafashe muguhitamo neza electrode yicyuma.
Andi makuru yandi yerekeye ibyuma byuzuza ibyuma bya TYUE no kuvugana nabahanga b'ikigo kugirango bakugire inama, jya kuri www.tyuelec.com.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-23-2022